There are different opinions about how tall 15 cubits would be, but a popular opinion is that it would be about 27 feet or 8.2 meters. [20], In ancient Rome, according to Vitruvius, a cubit was equal to 1+12 Roman feet or 6 palm widths (approximately 444mm or 17+12in). One of the Dead Sea Scrolls and some important Greek manuscripts along with the testimony of Josephus present Goliath as six feet nine inches tall. Peter J. Gurry, 1 metre is equal to 2.2222222222222 cubits, or 39.370078740157 inches. Of course, Goliath was a giant right? A Greek translation of the Old Testament, the Septuagint, records Goliath's height as four cubits and one span. cubits or It seems Goliath may have had some Anakim blood in him (see Deuteronomy 9:2). Ive been unable to find the source, but I remember reading or hearing many years ago that the average male height in biblical times was a little over 5 feet tall. One talent was equal to about 25 kilograms. In India, the hasta is a unit of measurement that is equal to 2/3rds of a meter, or about 15.7 inches. The foot has also been used as a unit of measurement in many other cultures throughout history. They created units of measurement based on the parts of the human body, such as the cubit ( forearm), which was equal to 18 inches. A cubit is a unit of measure used in the ancient world, equal to the length of a mans forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. For example, they might have used their own bodies as a reference point, or they might have used objects that were readily available. As an adult, Ive occasionally pondered the size of Goliath mentioned in the Bible. So if you ever travel outside of America, you wont have to worry about converting everything back and forth between different systems of measurement. Well, 78 feet is equal to 728 inches or 2.33764066 meters. [25] The measure survived into the 20th century, with 1 gaz equal to 104cm (41in). ConvertUnits.com provides an online Revelation 21:17, "according to the measure of a man--i.e., of an angel. Such information adds further support for a universal Flood, because it tells us that the Flood "prevailed" over the . 8 cubits to inches = 141.73228 inches. According to John Wass at the University of Oxford, a specialist in acromegalic gigantism (explained below), our upper limit is around 9 feet. A Hadith from Sahih al-Bukhari narrated by Abu Hurairah states that Adam was created 60 cubits tall (about 30 meters), and that people in Paradise will look like Adam. [18] Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz (the "Chazon Ish"), dissenting, put the length of a cubit at 57.6cm (22+1116in). Epiphanius of Salamis, in his treatise On Weights and Measures, describes how it was customary, in his day, to take the measurement of the biblical cubit: "The cubit is a measure, but it is taken from the measure of the forearm. Witnesses: 4QSama; LXXB L; Josephus, Antiquities 6.171. [2] These lengths typically ranged from .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}44.4 to 52.92cm (1ft 5+12in to 1ft 8+1316in), with an ancient Roman cubit being as long as 120cm (3ft 11in). This standard was improved by Naram-Sin, but fell into disuse after the Akkadian Empire dissolved. The modern foot originated from the Old English word fot, which itself derived from the Proto-Germanic word fotuz. Its actual length is 1,750 ft, which is 1,193 cubits of 17.6 in (44.7 cm). 15 cubits to feet = 22.14567 feet. cubits to braza This unit was then standardized by the Romans and became known as the foot. Definition: Cubit is an ancient measure of length, approximately equal to the length of a forearm. Introduction: My name is Golda Nolan II, I am a thoughtful, clever, cute, jolly, brave, powerful, splendid person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you. So how many inches are in 40 centimeters? It was usually considered to be about 18 inches (45 cm) in length, although there was some variation from one culture to another. According to the research, most Angels stand at 5'10" tall, wear a size six dress, and wear a bra sized 32A to 32D. (166 cm) tall, the average man's height at the time. Their unit of measurement was called the shekel. A six-nine Goliath (still tall by ancient standards) probably matched Sauls own physical stature (note that 1 Sam. The Egyptian unit of measure known as the cubit was based on the length of a mans arm from his elbow to his fingertips. There are 929 chapters in the Old Testament. What is the actual size of Noah's Ark? Conder, who has recently explored Rabbath, has discovered a remarkable throne of stone on the side of a hill there, and he suggests that the Hebrew word rendered "bedstead," which properly signifies a couch with a canopy, may apply to this. Goliath's height as 4 cubits and a span instead of 6 cubits and a span.1 According to Hays, this 4-cubits reading should be adopted; this means that Goliath was only 6 feet 9 inches and not 9 feet 9 inches tall.2 In other words, he assumes that the lxx/dss texts are correct and that they both On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. For example, if were talking about water, two cubic feet of water weighs 62.4 pounds (28.3 kilograms). It is thought that the English measure known as the rod was equal to 5.5 yards, or 16.5 feet. To convert millimeters to inches, divide the millimeter value by 25.4. Deuteronomy 3:8-11 (ESV), emphasis added. Why? The record may not stand for much longer, however. Generally there are two lengths that were common. area, mass, pressure, and other types. Goliath's height was either 4 or 6 cubits and a span. 30 cubits to feet = 44.29134 feet. A number of these rods have survived: two are known from the tomb of Maya, the treasurer of the 18th dynasty pharaoh Tutankhamun, in Saqqara; another was found in the tomb of Kha (TT8) in Thebes. The cubit is another unit of measurement that is often used, and it is usually equal to 18 inches. 48 ounces is equal to 3 quarts. Almost every ancient book is in this situation: the original is lost and only different manuscript copies remain. Goliath (/la/ g-LY-th) is a mythical character in the biblical Book of Samuel, described as a Philistine giant defeated by the young David in single combat. Angels tend to have blonde or brown hair while the average woman has brown or black hair. If so, the Ark was actually bigger than the size described in most books today, which usually use the short cubit. According to a popular fan site, Peppa is actually 3'9 (three feet nine inches). as English units, currency, and other data. What are the differences between a male and a hermaphrodite C. elegans? 1 cubit = 1.525E-9 ls: cubits to light seconds converter: cubits to light seconds table: 1 cubit = 4.8327110329714E-17 ly: cubits to light years converter: cubits to light years table: . The tallest man on record is Robert Wadlow, an Illinois man who died at 2.71m (8ft 11in) in 1940 at the age of 22. With a cubit of 18 his height is 9 feet 9 inches. Yes, it's that important. However, there is some variation in this measurement, with some sources considering the cubit to be anywhere from 17 to 20 inches (43 to 51 cm). Sherlock Holmes said, There is nothing like first-hand evidence.1 Unfortunately, the original documents (technically called autographs) of the Old Testament books all perished due to time and natural causes. There is no definitive answer to this question as people come in all shapes and sizes. In 1 Sam 17:4 the Hebrew text describes Goliaths height as six cubits and a span ( ). It is true Adam was 90ft tall. This unit was then divided into smaller units, with the smallest unit being called the digit. 930 years old According to Jewish tradition, Adam and Eve had 56 children. Each mark on the ruler represents one inch. Due to the numerous translations, the Bible has undergone, "Jesus" is the modern term for the Son of God. We can then use this information to convert 40 centimeters into inches. This realization led the rabbis of the 2nd century CE to clarify the length of their cubit, saying that the measure of the cubit of which they have spoken "applies to the cubit of middle-size". Because of these genes, northern Europeans are still tall compared to others on the continent. So if you ever need to convert between centimeters and inches, simply multiply or divide by 2.54 to get your answer. Elevation: the highest point of the present-day Temple Mount is about 740 meters above sea level. A cubit is an ancient measurement of length based on the distance from the elbow to the tip of the longest finger. The metric system is used all over the world today. The United States is one of the few countries that has not officially adopted the metric system as its standard system of measurement. In China, the chi is a traditional unit of measurement that is equal to one-third of a meter, or about 11.8 inches. In the United States, the standard length for a foot is four feet, or twelve inches. This gives us a result of about 1199 inches in 16 feet. Most have seen the solid line that appears after Mark 16:8 or John 7:52 with a note saying something like This passage does not appear in (some of) the earliest manuscripts. Most differences between manuscripts are not as notorious. The normal pace length decreases with age and some health conditions. It came from the Old English word ynce which meant thumbs breadth or smallest part.. Bible scholars John D. Meade and Peter J. Gurry discuss the Biblewhere we got it, what we know about the original manuscripts, and how the text was passed from generation to generation. For example, in the U.S., 1 yard = 36 inches and 1 pound = 16 ounces. The history of the inch can be traced back to the Ancient Egyptians who used cubits as their primary unit of length measurement. Even though giants are mentioned other places (2 Sam 21:16, 18, 20, 22; 1 Chr 20:4, 6, 8), theres no direct connection in those passages to Goliath. "The Bible indicates the original Ark was 300 cubits, using the Hebrew royal cubit that calculates in modern-day terms to 510 feet long," says Mark Looey, a co-founder of Answers in Genesis, the Christian ministry that built the attraction. The boys were impressed that he was taller than our 8 ft. ceilings, by quite a bit! How many Cubits are in a Feet? Some translators produced more literal translations, while others created more dynamic ones. And what is more, our copies differ to varying degrees when compared to one another. Taking the lower value of the cubit, this gives dimensions in feet of 450 x 75 x 45, which compares with 850 x 92 x 64 for the Titanic. Billington notes that an 18 inch cubit would mean the person was about 5 feet 8 inches (taller than most Israelites of this period). This note indicates that the Hebrew has "six . For example, there are multiple units for length (meter, kilometer, centimeter, millimeter) and weight (kilogram, gram, milligram). "[17], Rabbi Avraham Chaim Naeh put the linear measurement of a cubit at 48cm (19in). However, many industries in the United States, such as science and medicine, use the metric system exclusively. Some examples of these objects include buildings, trees, and mountains. The sizes in our references range from the 17.5 inches per cubit that according to the World Almanac, is THE accepted standard, to 25.6 inches. The answer is 10 Cubits. To understand why this is the case, it helps to know a little bit about the history of measurement. 40 cubits to feet = 59.05512 feet. The dimensions of Noah's ark in Genesis, chapter 6, are given in cubits (about 18-22 inches): length 300 cubits, breadth 50 cubits, and height 30 cubits. Stone, Mark H., "The Cubit: A History and Measurement Commentary", This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 10:42. David, while obviously not giant height, would have had to be at minimum as tall as Goliaths sword to be able to wield it. The Roman foot was slightly smaller than the Greek foot, measuring about 11.7 inches. Another benefit of using metric units is that they tend to be used by other countries around the world as well. We, therefore, possess only copies of the originals. Thus, no study of the Old Testament can be considered truly comprehensive unless the LXX is taken into consideration. In the United States however, the imperial system is still used which means length is measured in yards, feet and inches. 180 Cubit to Foot 20 Cubits to Feet 620 Cubit to Foot 88 Cubit to Line 41 Cubits to Inches 115 Cubits to Feet 1086 Cubits to Feet 62 Cubit to Meter 1004 Cubits to Meters 81 Cubits to Inches 27 Cubits to Megameters 27 Cubits to Decimeters . The cubit is an ancient unit of measurement used in many different cultures. the purpose of proclaiming the gospel through publishing 5 cubits to feet = 7.38189 feet. Behold, his bed was a bed of iron; it is in Rabbah of the sons of Ammon. The Romans also used a unit of length called the palm which was about 7 centimeters (cm). cubits to heer Assuming you would like a piece discussing the dimensions of something that is two feet long: When it comes to length, two feet is on the shorter side. In medieval England, the foot was further subdivided into 3 units known as the inch, shilling and pound. However, there are other opinions about the size of a cubit and how it was measured, so the true answer may be slightly different. Every pastoras time and opportunities ariseshould study the Bible in its original languages. While it is not an exact science, it is generally considered to be a fairly accurate way to measure something. In other words, 8 inches is approximately equal to 1/5 of a meter. Although 1 Samuel (1 Kingdoms) is not yet available, the Gttingen Septuagint is on sale through August 1 at unprecedented discount. The average width of an adult human male is about 5-6 feet, so two feet would be less than half of that. It is one of the most enduring battles in history: the story of a simple shepherd boy who slays a Philistine giant and goes on to become king. The issue is that the Masoretic Text gives Goliath's height as "six cubits and a span" whereas the Greek rendering of 1 Samuel 17:4 gives Goliath's height as "four cubits and a span." A cubit is the length of a forearm (usually about 18 inches), and a span is about half a cubit. This means that there are quite a few steps involved in converting between different units of measurement. Then, there are 63,360 inches in one mile. inch, 100 kg, US fluid ounce, 6'3", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, The term is still used in hedgelaying, the length of the forearm being frequently used to determine the interval between stakes placed within the hedge. symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, He is the author of A Critical Examination of the Coherence-Based Genealogical Method in New Testament Textual Criticism. A stadia is a unit of measure that is approximately equal to 607 feet (185 m). The oldest manuscripts, namely the Dead Sea Scrolls text of Samuel from the late 1st century BCE, the 1st-century CE historian Josephus, and the major Septuagint manuscripts, all give it as "four cubits and a span" (6 feet 9 inches or 2.06 metres), whereas the Masoretic Text has "six cubits and a span" (9 feet 9 inches To measure six inches using a sheet of paper, fold the paper in half so that it is 4.25 inches wide and 5.5 inches long. A hand span is a reliable measure of length. It says Goliath was four cubits and a span, (a cubit was about 18 inches and a span about 9 inches) so around 6-foot 9-inches tall. In terms of width, two feet is also on shorter side. But if youre looking for a more internationally recognized system thats based on powers of ten then metric units are probably your best bet! There are various theories about where on the mountain the temples were . This website uses cookies to improve your experience. https://www.convertunits.com/contact/remove-some-ads.php. 25 cubits to feet = 36.90945 feet. The Romans divided their foot into 12 unciae, which were further subdivided into even smaller units. The answer is 0.056444444444444. This also makes sense, because the average man during this time period was known to be around 5.5 feet and since David was a little shorter than the average male, 4.8 feet seems to be a very reasonable estimate. Just simply enter value 1 in Agate Line and see the result in Cubit. The cubit, generally taken as equal to 18 inches (457 mm), was based on the length of the arm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger and was considered the equivalent of 6 palms or 2 spans. This change would have made Davids victory over Goliath far more impressive. The British Imperial system of weights and measures was developed in 1824. ESV Translation Oversight Committee member Dr. Jack Collins discusses many of the factors involved in translating the Old Testament. The problem with the imperial system is that it can be very confusing, because there are so many different units of measurement. The inch is usually the universal unit of measurement in the United States, and is widely used in the United Kingdom, and Canada, despite the introduction of metric to the latter two in the 1960s and 1970s, respectively. 10 cubits to feet = 14.76378 feet. The answer is 200 Cubits. Read More, In case of sale of your personal information, you may opt out by using the link Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Practicing Textual Criticism. [28] It is most often used erect as a crest, for example by the families of Poyntz of Iron Acton, Rolle of Stevenstone and Turton. The standard of Naram-Sin was readopted in the Ur III period by the Nane Hymn which reduced a plethora of multiple standards to a few agreed upon common groupings. The new system was based on three basic units: the yard, the pound, and the ounce. A standard sheet of paper is typically 8.5 inches wide and 11 inches long. Unrivaled Mac notes apps for fuss-free note-taking, 6 Actionable Tips for Improving Your Websites SEO, Copyright 2023 | WordPress Theme by MH Themes. 2. Six hundred shekels come out to be 15 lbs. Lastly, the pound was subdivided into 24 parts, with each part being 1/24th of a foot. The basic Jewish traditional unit of distance was the cubit (Hebrew: ), each cubit being roughly between 46-60 centimetres (18-24 in) The standard measurement of the biblical mile, or what is sometimes called . The foot has also been used as a unit of measurement in ancient Greece. It is based on the meter and the kilogram. Both the word for "bedstead" and the word for "iron" have given rise to some discussion and difficulty. To answer this, we first need to know that there are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. Type in unit How big was the Ark compared to the Titanic? The first system of measurement was created by the Egyptians. Some ancient texts say that Goliath stood at "four cubits and a span" -- which Chadwick says equals about 7.80 feet (2.38 meters) while other ancient texts claim that he towered at "six cubits and a span" a measurement equivalent to about 11.35 feet (3.46 m). Always check the results; rounding errors may occur. To understand why, we need to know a little bit about the history of measurement. At a height of over nine and a half feet, Goliath would have undoubtedly been seen as a Big Unfriendly Giant (BUG), even to modern people who are taller than our biblical predecessors. The term cubit first appears in the book of Genesis (6:15), where it is used to describe the dimensions of Noahs Ark. How big was Noah's Ark in feet and inches? When He created him, He said to him, "Go and greet that group of angels, and listen to their reply, for it will be your greeting (salutation) and the greeting (salutations of your offspring." So, Adam said (to the angels), As-Salamu Alaikum (i.e. The Egyptians also created a unit of weight called the talent. A span is the span of your hand about 9 inches. In 1975, Congress passed the Metric Conversion Act which declared that the metric system was the preferred system of weights and measures for U. S. trade and commerce.. Stukeley's cubit was 20.8 English inches (530mm) in length, a measure whose multiples he claimed to detect in the dimensions of ancient structures. Please share if you found this tool useful: Some ancient texts say that Goliath stood at four cubits and a span - which Chadwick says equals about 7.80 feet (2.38 meters) while other ancient texts claim that he towered at six cubits and a span a measurement equivalent to about 11.35 feet (3.46 m). In Scribes and Scripture, scholars John D. Meade and Peter J. Gurry answer common questions about the writing, copying, canonizing, and translating of the Bible and give readers tools to interpret the evidence about Gods word. However, the size of a cubit can vary depending on who is measuring it, so it is not always an accurate unit of measurement. There are different sizes of cubits, however, so 60 cubits could be anywhere from 1080 inches (9 feet) to 2160 inches (18 feet). It would be easy to see that depending on the man, the length would be different. [3], The English word "cubit" comes from the Latin noun cubitum "elbow", from the verb cubo, cubare, cubui, cubitum "to lie down",[4] from which also comes the adjective "recumbent". The bar dates from c.2650BCE and Unger claimed it was used as a measurement standard. How tall were the giants in the Bible? now used only for the measurement of the height of horses in some English-speaking countries, equal to 0.1016 meters and its symbol is "h". Secondly, following the lead of E.W . (Video) This is How Tall Goliath REALLY Was, (Video) How tall was Goliath? : any of various ancient units of length based on the length of the forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger and usually equal to about 18 inches (46 centimeters). Keil and Delitzsch Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament His height was six cubits and a span (6 1/4 cubits), i.e., according to the calculation made by Thenius, about nine feet two inches . Daniel 3:1, "Nebuchadnezzar the king made an image of gold, whose height was threescore cubits [90 feet], and the breadth thereof six cubits [9 feet]: he set it up in the plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon.". . Cubits Explained. And many Americans are familiar with metric units, such as kilometers and liters, even if they dont use them every day. What Topic Do You Want To Get Blog Ideas On?Generate Blog Ideas Well No, not necessarily. In 1916, during the last years of the Ottoman Empire and in the middle of World War I, the German assyriologist Eckhard Unger found a copper-alloy bar while excavating at Nippur. To survive even for a few months at that height would be a bit of a miracle. Despite this, there are some efforts to transition to the metric system in America. But though there is basalt in Argob, there is none in Rabbath-Ammon. Jeremiah 49:2 Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will cause an alarm of war to be heard in Rabbah of the Ammonites; and it shall be a desolate heap, and her daughters shall be burned with fire: then shall Israel be heir unto them that were his heirs, saith the LORD. One inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters (cm). How to find fashion influencers on instagram? Now if you wanted to go with the longer cubit: 6 x 20" = 120" / 12" = 10' + 6" = 10' 6". A cubit is a unit of measure that is typically used in the construction industry. 15ft tall Reply. Lets analyze the sources and then ask how each reading probably arose. For all other types of cookies we need your permission. Today, the foot is still used as a unit of measurement in many different countries around the world. In 1 Enoch, they were great giants, whose height was three hundred cubits. The Ancient Romans also used a similar unit of measurement known as the pes, which was equal to around 16.4 inches. However, this act didnt mandate that everyone in America had to use the metric system. This means that there are 12 inches in 1 foot, and therefore there are 144 inches in 12 feet. 4. cubits to X unit 510 feet long One talent was equal to about 26 kilograms. Since the Three, the Vulgate, the Peshitta, and the Targum usually agree with the MT, nothing stands out as abnormal. These are Euphrates, Tigris (Hiddekel), Pison, and Gihon. Reviews: 81% of readers found this page helpful, Address: Suite 369 9754 Roberts Pines, West Benitaburgh, NM 69180-7958, Hobby: Worldbuilding, Shopping, Quilting, Cooking, Homebrewing, Leather crafting, Pet. This unit was then divided into smaller units called palms and fingers. The foot was later divided into 12 inches and has been used as a unit of measure ever since. Additionally, if someone is wearing bulky clothing, it could also impact the accuracy of the measurement. Consider though, in modern times, the verified tallest person ever recorded is Robert Wadlow (1918 1940) who stood an impressive 8 feet, 11 inches, still shorter than the biblical Goliath. In the United States, one inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters (cm). We cannot be certain of the original text here. Although the six-nine Goliath has the earlier and perhaps better external evidence, the nine-nine Goliath is probably more likely original because a later scribe probably found a contextual reason (1 Sam. [11], The standard of the cubit (Hebrew: ) in different countries and in different ages has varied. OK, whose arm are we going to use? Amos 2:9 Yet destroyed I the Amorite before them, whose height was like the height of the cedars, and he was strong as the oaks; yet I destroyed his fruit from above, and his roots from beneath. New American Standard Bible (For only Og king of Bashan was left of the remnant of the Rephaim. Nebuchadnezzar's 9 x 90 Foot Image. Perhaps this matter did not escape Solomon's notice, either. This means that 40 centimeters is equivalent to 101.6 inches. The basic Jewish traditional unit of distance was the cubit (Hebrew: ), each cubit being roughly between 4660 centimetres (1824 in) The standard measurement of the biblical mile, or what is sometimes called tm abbat (Sabbath limit; Sabbath boundary), was 2,000 cubits. We assume you are converting between cubit [Egyptian] and inch. Using the standard 20 cubit and 9 span, Goliath's height would be 6 cubits plus a span for about 10 feet and 9 inches. The Greeks also had a unit of weight called the talent. It was fun to see how tall Goliath was! Goliath, the Gittite, is the most well known giant in the Bible. That is, the Bible never directly refers to Goliath as a giant other than giving us his height, which would definitely seem to fall into the giant category. This site uses different types of cookies. The origin of the inch can be traced back to the Ancient Egyptians who used cubits as their primary unit of length measurement. However, there are some benefits to using metric units as well. inches The second is the yard, which is about a meter. Therefore, there are about 3048 centimeters in 16 feet, which can be converted to inches by dividing by 2.54 centimeters per inch. However, in the building of the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem (II Chronicles 3.3) 'cubits of the first measure' are . But soon they realized that these measurements were not always accurate. Today, the metric system is used in most countries around the world. However, most average women stand at 5'4" tall, wear a size 16 dress, and wear a bra sized 34DD to 36DD. nine cubits was the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man. Zac Efron looks a tad bit taller Rob, 144 lbs possible for him? By David J. Stewart August 2011 | Updated January 2015. about 9 inches When Yeshua is translated into Greek, which the New Testament is derived from, it becomes Isous, which in English spelling is Jesus. A span is the span of your hand about 9 inches. [25] A royal cubit (gaz-i shh) appeared in the 17th century with 95cm (37+12in), while a "shortened" cubit (gaz-i mukassar) of 6.8cm (2+1116in) (likely derived from the widely used cloth cubit of Aleppo) was used for cloth. The term cubit is found in the Bible regarding Noah's Ark, the Ark of the Covenant, the Tabernacle, and Solomon's Temple. The word cubit comes from the Latin word for elbow, and it is sometimes still used in the construction industry to refer to the length of a building material such as lumber or metal tubing.
Pechanga Arena Seating,
Fourth Of July 2019 Baseball Google,
Mobile Homes For Rent In Newport, Tn,
Christopher Gorman Obituary,
Seneca Lake Bachelorette Party Itinerary,
Articles H
how tall is 9 cubits